5.1. Overview of Server-Side Programs
The MySQL server, mysqld, is the main program that does most of the work in a MySQL installation. The server is accompanied by several related scripts that perform setup operations when you install MySQL or that assist you in starting and stopping the server. This section provides an overview of the server and related programs. The following sections provide more detailed information about each of these programs.
Each MySQL program takes many different options. Most programs provide a --help option that you can use to get a description of the program's different options. For example, try mysqld --help.
You can override default option values for MySQL programs by specifying options on the command line or in an option file. Section 4.3, “Specifying Program Options”.
The following list briefly describes the MySQL server and server-related programs:
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The SQL daemon (that is, the MySQL server). To use client programs, mysqld must be running, because clients gain access to databases by connecting to the server. See Section 5.2, “mysqld — The MySQL Server”.
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A server startup script. mysqld_safe attempts to start mysqld. See Section 5.3.1, “mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script”.
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A server startup script. This script is used on systems that use System V-style run directories containing scripts that start system services for particular run levels. It invokes mysqld_safe to start the MySQL server. See Section 5.3.2, “mysql.server — MySQL Server Startup Script”.
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A server startup script that can start or stop multiple servers installed on the system. See Section 5.3.3, “mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers”. As of MySQL 5.0.3 (Unix-like systems) or 5.0.13 (Windows), an alternative to mysqld_multi is
mysqlmanager, the MySQL Instance Manager. See Section 5.4, “mysqlmanager — The MySQL Instance Manager”. -
The MySQL Instance Manager, a program for monitoring and managing MySQL servers. See Section 5.4, “mysqlmanager — The MySQL Instance Manager”.
There are several other programs that are related to MySQL installation or upgrading:
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This program is used during the MySQL build/installation process. It compiles error message files from the error source files. See Section 5.5.1, “comp_err — Compile MySQL Error Message File”.
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This program makes a binary release of a compiled MySQL. This could be sent by FTP to
/pub/mysql/upload/onftp.mysql.comfor the convenience of other MySQL users. -
This program is used on Windows. It packages a MySQL distribution for installation after the source distribution has been built. See Section 5.5.2, “make_win_bin_dist — Package MySQL Distribution as ZIP Archive”.
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This program is used after a MySQL upgrade operation. It updates the grant tables with any changes that have been made in newer versions of MySQL. See Section 5.5.4, “mysql_fix_privilege_tables — Upgrade MySQL System Tables”.
Note: As of MySQL 5.0.19, this program has been superseded by mysql_upgrade.
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This script creates the MySQL database and initializes the grant tables with default privileges. It is usually executed only once, when first installing MySQL on a system. See Section 2.4.16.2, “Unix Post-Installation Procedures”, and Section 5.5.5, “mysql_install_db — Initialize MySQL Data Directory”.
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This program enables you to improve the security of your MySQL installation. SQL. See Section 5.5.6, “mysql_secure_installation — Improve MySQL Installation Security”.
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This program loads the time zone tables in the
mysqldatabase using the contents of the host system zoneinfo database (the set of files describing time zones). SQL. See Section 5.5.7, “mysql_tzinfo_to_sql — Load the Time Zone Tables”. -
This program is used after a MySQL upgrade operation. It checks tables for incompatibilities and repairs them if necessary, and updates the grant tables with any changes that have been made in newer versions of MySQL. See Section 5.5.8, “mysql_upgrade — Check Tables for MySQL Upgrade”.
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This program is used on Unix or Unix-like systems to create a MySQL source distribution that can be compiled on Windows. See Section 2.4.15.6.5, “Creating a Windows Source Package from the BitKeeper Repository”, and Section 5.5.3, “make_win_src_distribution — Create Source Distribution for Windows”.
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